Ngaphandle kokuba uyiblogi yokhathalelo lwabantwana rhoqo okanye umfundi wenqaku, ngokuqinisekileyo awuyazi imbali yophuhliso lweepaki zokuzonwabisa kwihlabathi.
Ngamanye amazwi, kufuneka uxhase amanyathelo okhuseleko anjengokunciphisa ubume besixhobo, ukubeka iicushion zokusonga, kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okuba abantwana bawe kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kwipaki yokonwabisa yangoku.Noko ke, abanye abantu banexhala lokuba ipaki enjalo yokuzonwabisa ikhuselekile iya kwenza abantwana bazive bekruqukile.
Ezi ngxoxo malunga nokhuseleko kunye neempembelelo zalo zibonakala zibalulekile ukugcina isantya kunye namaxesha, kodwa ngokwenene, akukho mpikiswano entsha.Ngenxa yokuba le miba sele kuxoxwa ngayo inkulungwane ubuncinane, makhe sijonge imbali yophuhliso lwepaki yokonwabisa ngale miba.
Ngowe-1859: Ipaki yokuzonwabisa yasePark eManchester, eNgilani
Uluvo lokuvumela abantwana baphuhlise izakhono zabo zentlalo kunye nokucinga ngamabala okudlala avela kwibala lokudlala elidityaniswe nezikolo zasesekondari zaseJamani.Noko ke, eneneni, ibala lokuqala lokudlala elivulela ithuba lokungena kawonke-wonke nelisimahla lalikwipaki yaseManchester, eNgilani ngowe-1859. Njengoko ixesha lihamba, ibala lokudlala laligqalwa njengendawo esisiseko kawonke-wonke laza laqalisa ukwakhiwa kwamanye amazwe ehlabathini. .
Ngo-1887: Ipaki yokuqala yokonwabisa eUnited States-iGolden Gate Park yokuzonwabisa eSan Francisco.
Ngelo xesha, olu yayiluhambo lobuvulindlela eUnited States.Iindawo zokuzonwabisa zaziquka oojingi, izilayidi, kunye neenqwelo zebhokhwe (ezifana neenqwelo zeenkomo; iinqwelo ezitsalwa ziibhokhwe).Eyona nto idumileyo neyaziwayo yayiyi-merry go round, eyayakhiwe "ngezibonda zeDoric" (lo mjikelo wolonwabo wathatyathelw' indawo ngumjikelo wamaplanga ngo-1912).Umjikelo wolonwabo wawudume kangangokuba uMboniso weHlabathi owawuseNew York ngowe-1939 waba yimpumelelo enkulu.
Ngo-1898: Ipaki yoLondolozo lweMiphefumlo
UJohn Dewey (isithandi sobulumko esidumileyo saseMelika, umfundisi-ntsapho nesazi ngengqondo) wathi: Ukudlala kubaluleke kakhulu ebantwaneni njengomsebenzi.Imibutho efana neOutdoor Recreation League inethemba lokuba abantwana abakwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo banokungena ebaleni lokudlala.Baye banikela ngezilayidi neesarha kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo, bada bathumela iingcali ukuba zikhokele abantwana indlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuzonwabisa ngokukhuselekileyo.Bavumele abantwana abahluphekayo bakonwabele ubumnandi bokudlala, kwaye ubancede bakhule kwaye bakhule besempilweni ngakumbi.
Ngowe-1903: Urhulumente wakha ipaki yokuzonwabisa
IsiXeko saseNew York sakha ipaki yokuqala yokonwabisa kamasipala-iSeward Park yokuzonwabisa, exhotyiswe ngesilayidi kunye nomngxuma wesanti kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuzonwabisa.
Ngo-1907: Ipaki Yokuzonwabisa Ihamba Lilonke (i-USA)
Kwintetho, uMongameli Theodore Roosevelt wagxininisa ukubaluleka kwamabala okudlala kubantwana:
Izitrato zedolophu azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabantwana.Ngenxa yokuvuleka kwezitrato, uninzi lwemidlalo yolonwabo iya kwaphula imithetho nemimiselo.Ukongezelela, ihlobo elishushu neendawo ezixakekileyo zasezidolophini zidla ngokuba ziindawo apho abantu banokufunda khona ukwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho.Ngasemva kwendlu yosapho ubukhulu becala i-turf yokuhombisa, enokwanelisa kuphela iimfuno zabantwana abancinci.Abantwana abadala bafuna ukudlala imidlalo enika umdla nenomtsalane, kwaye le midlalo idinga iindawo ezithile - iipaki zokonwabisa.Kuba imidlalo ibaluleke kakhulu ebantwaneni njengesikolo, amabala okudlala afanele ukuthandwa njengezikolo, ukuze wonke umntwana abe nethuba lokudlala kuwo.
1912: Ukuqala kwengxaki yokhuseleko kwindawo yokudlala
INew York yayisisixeko sokuqala ukubeka phambili ulwakhiwo lweepaki zokonwabisa kunye nokulawula ukusebenza kweepaki zokonwabisa.Ngelo xesha, kwakukho iipaki zokuzonwabisa ezimalunga nama-40 kwisiXeko saseNew York, ingakumbi eManhattan naseBrooklyn (iManhattan yayimalunga nama-30).Ezi paki zokuzonwabisa zixhotyiswe ngezilayidi, iiseha, iijingi, iindawo zebhola yomnyazi, njl., ezinokudlalwa ngabantu abadala kunye nabantwana.Ngelo xesha, kwakungekho ncwadana yemiyalelo ngokhuseleko kwipaki yokuzonwabisa.
McDonald's ngeminyaka yoo-1960: ipaki yokuzonwabisa yorhwebo
Ngeminyaka yoo-1960, indawo yokudlala yabantwana yaba yiprojekthi yotyalo-mali ethandwa kakhulu.Indawo yokudlala ayinakwenza imali kuphela, kodwa iphinde iqhube amashishini ajikelezayo.Abantu abaninzi baphinde batyhole iMcDonald's kuba ivule iipaki ezininzi zokonwabisa kwiindawo zayo zokutyela (malunga nama-8000 ukusukela ngo-2012), nto leyo enokwenza abantwana babe likhoboka layo.
1965: Ukutshatyalaliswa kwebala lokudlala lombono
Enye ipaki yokonwabisa enoyilo olwahlukileyo yabethwa-isiXeko saseNew York siyala iPaki yokuzonwabisa yeSikhumbuzo iAdele Levy eyakhiwe nguIsamu Noguchi noLouis Kahn.
I-Adele Levy Memorial Amusement Park eRiverside Park, kwisiXeko saseNew York, ikwayindawo yokugqibela kwindawo yokudlala eyilwe nguNoguchi, eyagqitywa ngokubambisana noLouis Kahn.Inkangeleko yayo iye yavusa abantu ukuba baphinde bacinge ngendlela yebala lokudlala.Uyilo lwayo lufanelekile kubantwana beminyaka yonke, kwaye igcwele umoya wobugcisa: inhle kwaye ikhululekile, kodwa ngelishwa ayizange ifezeke.
1980: 1980s: ukumangalelwa koluntu kunye nesikhokelo sikarhulumente
Ngeminyaka yee-1980, ngenxa yokuba abazali nabantwana babedla ngokuba neengozi kwiindawo zokudlala, amatyala aqhubeka.Ukuze kusonjululwe le ngxaki inobuzaza, imveliso yemizi-mveliso kufuneka ihambelane neNcwadi yoKhuseleko yePaka yokuzonwabisa yoLuntu (uhlelo lokuqala lwencwadana eyakhutshwa ngo-1981) eyaqulunqwa yiKomishoni yoKhuseleko loMthengi.Icandelo elithi "Intshayelelo" lencwadana ifundeka ngolu hlobo:
"Ingaba ibala lakho lokudlala likhuselekile? Rhoqo ngonyaka bangaphezu kwe-200000 abantwana abangena kwiwadi ye-ICU ngenxa yeengozi kwindawo yokudlala. Uninzi lwabo lubangelwa kukuwa kwindawo ephezulu. Ukusebenzisa le ncwadana kunokukunceda ukujonga ukuba idizayini yendawo yokudlala kunye izixhobo zokudlala zineengozi ezinokubakho zokhuseleko”
Le ncwadana ineenkcukacha kakhulu, njengokukhethwa kwendawo yepaki yokuzonwabisa, izixhobo, izakhiwo, iinkcukacha, njl njl. izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwipaki yokuzonwabisa.Le yincwadana yemiyalelo yokuqala ebalulekileyo yokwenza umgangatho woyilo lweepaka zokonwabisa.
Ngo-2000, ezine zithi: California, Michigan, New Jersey kunye Texas bapasile "Amusement Park Design" uMthetho, ojolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iipaki zokonwabisa zikhuselekile.
2005: "Akukho ukubaleka" Ipaki yokuzonwabisa
Izikolo zaseBroward County, eFlorida, zithumele iimpawu ezithi "Akukho Running" kwipaki yokuzonwabisa, ebangele ukuba abantu bacinge ukuba ipaki yokuzonwabisa "ikhuselekile kakhulu".
2011: "Ibala lokudlala elikhanyayo"
ENew York, ipaki yokuzonwabisa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ibuyela kwindawo yokuqala.Ngaphambili, abantwana babedlala ezitratweni.Urhulumente wesiXeko saseNew York uye wabona indlela efanayo ne "flash shop" edumileyo kwaye wavula "ibala lokudlala elikhawulezayo" kwiindawo ezingakhathalelwanga: xa kufanelekile, vala icandelo lendlela njengepaki yokonwabisa, ubambe imidlalo ethile, kwaye wenze amalungiselelo athile. abaqeqeshi okanye iimbaleki ukuba bazibandakanye noluntu.
I-New York yaneliseke kakhulu sisiphumo salo mlinganiselo, ngoko ke bavula i-12 "amabala ezemidlalo e-flash" ehlotyeni lika-2011, kwaye baqesha iingcali ezithile ukuba zifundise abemi ukuziqhelanisa neyoga, umbhoxo, njl.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-22-2022